Rubellite Kawena Kinney Johnson's Hawaiian Blog

A RESOLUTION SUBMITTED TO THE STATE OF HAWAII LEGISLATURE
FOR LEASE TO FEE CONVERSION OF HAWAIIAN HOMESTEADS
AUGUST, 2002

BY
THE EQUITY ROUNDTABLE CITIZENS GROUP



HONORABLE MEMBERS OF THE HAWAII STATE LEGISLATURE, SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, AND MEMBERS OF THE UNITED STATES LEGISLATURE, SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES:


WHEREAS the matter of lease to fee conversion of large estates owned by Hawaiian trusts has gained recent public attention regarding the
status, for example, of Lili’uokalani Trust’s residential holdings;

WHEREAS it is understood that lease to fee conversion laws have been passed requiring the Bishop Estate to surrender the fee title to its residential lessees since passage of the law in the 1970s, effecting that transition by law and also by judicial precedent, and

WHEREAS lease to fee conversion of crown and public lands was
legislated in the Hawaiian Land Act of 1895 to create inalienable
homesteads from crown and government lands open to all applicants for
a minimal registration fee and residency, of at least 27 years
continual occupancy thereafter, viz:


“...In view of the eveident need of the country for a class of small land-holders, owning and cultivating their respective holdings, as a basis of national prosperity and a desirable factor in our political growth, I commend to your consideration a liberal policy in the administration of public lands, whereby industrious persons with small means may have special opportunities of acquiring permanentholdings, and the disposition of tracts of land for sale or for lease on long terms,shall be discouraged...”

“...The Crown Lands, being now at the disposal of the Government, it is part of wisdom as well as of patriotism to make provision in the legislation necessary to their proper management, for convenient facilities for the settlement thereon, as well as on the original Government lands, of industrious persons...”

“...Such legislation may well fix residence on or improvement of
lands, or both, as a condition of title. And inasmuch as many of our
population are not skilled in the accumulation and retention of property, a provision where those desiring to do so should have an
opportunity of acquiring inalienable homesteads would be of great value
to them as well as to the state.” [Sanford Ballard Dole, President,
Republic of Hawaii, in Roster of Legislatures of Hawaii 1841-1918,
1918: 227-228].

Whereas the Constitution of the sovereign Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893 was not overthrown and the regulation of private and public property was notchanged by the overthrow of the office of the sovereign, which office had been subject to constitutional laws governing successorship
to the crown in the several constitutions of 1840 and those amended,
of 1852, 1864, and 1887, viz:

“...All officers under the existing Government [*note, i.e., Provisional Government]are hereby requested to continue to exercise their functions and perform the duties of their respective offices,
with the exception of the following-named persons [*note, i.e., the
queen, Lili’uokalani and cabinet members]...

“...All Hawaiian laws and constitutional principles not inconsistent
herewith shall be continued in force until further order of the
executive and advisory councils...” [Proclamation, Provisional Government, January 17, 1893 in Dole, Sanford Ballard, Memoirs: 89].


Whereas the Provisional Government transferred revenues from the Crown Landsadministered by the Crown Lands Commission (1865 - 1893) into the
treasury of the Provisional Government, without conveying the Crown
lands, and;

Whereas the Republic of Hawaii in 1894 conveyed the subject Crown Lands into the public domain by the Constitution of 1894, declaring that they were no more subject to a trust administered by the Crown Lands Commission since 1865, and;

Whereas the leases of lands commenced by Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III) and his heir (Alexander Liholiho) as to his private estate were long-term leases of 99 years and more, such leases continuing after the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893, and;

Whereas the Act of 1865 (Lot Kamehameha V) creating the Crown Lands
Commission restricted the commissioners to leasing of lands for no more
than 30 years (1865 - 1893). and;

Whereas the Treaty of Annexation of 1898 by the Joint Resolution
(Newlands) of the United States Congress, Senate and House of Representatives, the President of the United States approving, and which process had beendeclared constitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States [Chief Justice Marshall (1828) ruling in American
Insurance Co. vs. Canter, and American Insurance Co. vs. Ocean
Insurance Co. of New York, 1828; in Morris, Richard B. and Henry
Steele Commager, Jeffrey B. Morris, Encyclopedia of American History,
1976: 159, 242, 247-248; see also pages 225-228, the admission of
Texas into the United States in 1844], and;

Whereas by the Treaty of Annexation (1898) the Republic of Hawaii
ceded the Crown and public lands to the United States as a territory
and not as a state in the union, thus forming what is now referred to
in federal and state law as “ Ceded Lands” or the Ceded “trust” Lands,
assuming thatthe role of the State of Hawai’i is as a “holder” of such
trust lands, rather than the owner of the fee title, which is yet
debatable, and;

Whereas the Office of Hawaiian Affairs in recent cases against the State of Hawaii has challenged the State’s right or power to sell lands that various interpretations have called “national lands” of the Native Hawaiians, as the original fee title holders and owners with rights of
reversion, borrowing a phrase used by William Alexander, surveyor of
kingdom lands under the monarchy, describing the “crown and public
lands” after they had been conveyed to the United States in the 1898
Annexation Treaty, and;

Whereas the so-called “national lands” may be understood as constituting lands in the so-called “Ceded trust lands” category of public lands administered by the United States Department of Interior throughout the time of the Territory of Hawaii under the Organic Act (1900-1959);

Whereas such public lands under the territorial government, were subject to the Organic Act (1900) and the Constitution of the United
States, whereby “ceded lands” were treated not only as “government
property” but also as continuing “inalienable homestead lands” under
the lease to fee conversion principle of the Hawaiian Land Act of
1895 [Republic of Hawaii], and;

Whereas the homestead lands were granted from expiring leases of private lands held since the Great Mahele (1848) by Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III), Alexander Liholiho (Kamehameha IV) [1848-1863] as
well as lands originally part of government lands from the Great
Mahele (1848) to the present as public domain, and;

Whereas the same category of homestead lands under so-called “general
leases” were thus continuous lease to fee conversions provided by
the governments [*i.e., Republic of Hawaii, Territory of Hawaii,
Department of the Interior, United States federal government) to which any applicant could qualify without blood quantum or ethnicity
requirements directed by law, whereby the conditions as met within a
prescribed, limited period of continual residency qualified the
registered recipient for the fee title, as outright purchase or as
probate recognizing fee ownership through inheritance from the deceased lessee to his heirs, through the county and territorial court
proceed=ings, or other legal authority, and;

Whereas the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1920 presented by Delegate Jonah Kuhio Kalaniana’ole to the United States Congress restricted homesteads in the category of “Hawaiian Home Lands” as set
aside for Hawaiians qualified by a required 50-100% blood quantum
[*Note: a condition imposed by the U.S. Congress to rehabilitate the
Hawaiian race] on lands which were then returning as expired leases
to the absent Crown from sugar plantations under the Territory of Hawai’i, and;

Whereas subsequent leases under the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act were
constructed in accordance with former Kamehameha “crown land” leases
as 99-year leasehold contracts, rather than the limited 30-year
leases contracted by the Crown Lands Commission (1865-1893), and;

Whereas the lease rates of $1.00 per acre for 99 years were consonant
with nominal registration fees consistent with rates established in the
United States homestead laws of no more than $1.00 to $1.25 per acre, or roughly equal to a nominal registration fee of $99 for the lease
period of 99 years for a Hawaiian Homes homestead lease (1900 to 2002
A.D.), commensurate with established terms of United States rates since the American Civil War, viz.:

(1) Homestead Act 20 May 1862, promoting westward agricultural
expansion (American Civil War):

“...1862 20 May Homestead Act offered any citizen or intending
citizen who was the head of a family and over 21 years of age 160
acres of surveyed public domain after five years of continuous
residence and payment of registration fee ranging from $26 - $34.
As an alternative, land under the act could be acquired after 6 months
residence at $1.25 an acre. Such homesteads were to be exemptfrom attachment for debt” (*emphasis added) [Encyclopedia of American
History, Bicentennial edition, by Morris, Richard B. et. al., 1976: 636];

(2) 21 June 1866 Southern Homestead Act was designed to provide free 160-acre farms in Southwestern states to freed slaves...By 1872, when repealed,only 4,000 black families had received lands” [Ibid.: 636];

(3) 1904 Kincaid Home Act, provided for grants of 640 acres of desert land in Nebraska after 5 years’ residence and improvements, valued at $800, extended,1909, to the rest of the public domain “ [Ibid.: 638];

(4) 11 June 1906 Forest Homestead Act provided for the opening at the discretion of the Secretary of Interior, of forest lands of agricultural value under the provision of the Homestead Acts” [Ibid: 638];

(5) 19 June 1909 Enlarged Homestead Act, to satisfy Western cattle interests,increased the maximum permissible homesteads to 320 acres in portions of Colorado, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and Arizona. Of these, 80 acres were to be cultivated. Timber and mineral lands were specifically excepted” [Ibid.: 638];


Whereas the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act of 1920 only stipulated that the registrants be of 50-100% Hawaiian blood quantum for the 200,000 acres thus set aside in the 1920 Hawaiian homestead act as United States federal home-stead law, commensurate with other historic enactments opening the public domain to farming, forestry, and residency, thus:


We believe that it was not the intent. either of Delegate Jonah Kuhio Kalaniana’ole or on the part of the the United States federal government, to specifically deny to Hawaiian homesteaders, as is now
denied to them by the State Department of Hawaiian Homelands and the
State of Hawaii government, the entitlement to the fee title after a
period of continuous residency, occupancy, and use, as provided by
law, inasmuch as they would also, and still do at the present time,
qualify for the fee as their equal right of representation under the
Constitution of the United States of America as well as the Hawaiian
Land Act of 1895 and all other United States federal homestead acts
and laws enacted since 1862 by federal and local (Republic of Hawaii)
governments, and;

Whereas the Statehood Admission Act of 1959 admitting the state of Hawaiiinto the union made a proviso binding upon the State of Hawaii since1959, for “the development of farm and home ownerhsip on as
widespread a basis as possible” from public lands returned by the
federal government to the state for the“betterment of conditions for
Native Hawaiians...”, viz:

“...[S[ubject only to valid rights then existing...” [1959 Statehood
Admission Act, USPL 86-3 Stat 4 (18 March 1959) Sections 5 (f) under
(b) (c) and (d) (under section f);

Therefore it should follow that valid rights “then existing” for
Hawaiian homesteading lessees had been qualified by the Hawaiian
Land Act of 1895 before subsequent annexation to the United States
in 1898 and before setting aside of some lands for native Hawaiians under the HawaiianHomes Commission Act of 1920, which after annexation
to the United States in 1898 and before admission of Hawaii as a state
in the unionin 1959 came under equal protection of United States constitutional and corresponding federal homestead laws which may be
considered as supporting native Hawaiian valid rights now existing,
thus:


BE IT RESOLVED:

(1) That the State of Hawaii shall ascertain its corresponding
obligation to protect the rights of Hawaiian homesteaders on the
historic precedents of existing Hawaiian and American homestead laws granting the fee title to homesteaders after a requisite minimum period of residency(at least 27 years under the Hawaiian Land Act of 1895), and;

(2) That Hawaiian homesteaders who qualify at this time should be granted the fee title to their homesteads, including farms, homes, and pasture lands,and other accommodations or improvements thereon, forthwith;

(3) Nor shall the 1978 amendment to the State of Hawaii constitution providingfor the Office of Hawaiian Affairs to “hold all the personal property ofNative Hawaiians given to it by the State of Hawaii” be regarded as an impediment to the right of individual Native Hawaiian
homesteaders to activate their own property rights to acquire the fee
to their homesteads under the United States Constitution and the
Admission Act of 1959.

(Signed and dated by supporters of the Equity Roundtable Resolution):

_______________________________________
Name, Date, Address
_______________________________________

_______________________________________

______________________________________




______________________________________

______________________________________

______________________________________

______________________________________

______________________________________

______________________________________


(continued below):

From:
Rubellite K. Johnson
November 17, 2003

To:
Honorable George W. Bush
President of the United States
c/o Andrew Card, Jr., Chief of Staff
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500

My dear President George W. Bush:

This letter is written to you to encourage you to refuse to sign the ‘Akaka Bill.

It is no longer necessary, because there is so much federal legislation creating confusion in the 50th state, Hawai’i, between “Hawaiians”, with rights of 50 to 100% blood quantum in the 1920 Hawaiian Homes Act designed to rehabilitate the “Hawaiians” to their lands, amounting to 200,000 acres designed to create “home ownership”, as stated in the 1959 Statehood Admission Act, which “ownership”** has also been denied them by the State of Hawai’i’s agency, the Hawaiian Homes Commission, since 1920, and it is now 2003 A.D., 83 years later;

I repeat, “confusion” between “Hawaiians” of 50 to 100% blood quantum and “Native Hawaiians” of any percentage blood quantum (it could be no more than toenail percentage by now, so that less than 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 qualifies as much as or more than 50 to !00 % Hawaiian blood
quantum) to those benefits (20% revenues from the Ceded Lands “trust”)
in the amended State of Hawaii constitution of 1978 creating the Office of Hawaiian Affairs;

Whereby the definition of “native”, meaning “by birth”, i.e., nativity, creates more confusion because:

The Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawai’i protects a definition used by the sovereigns of that kingdom that recognized all “residents”
(na kanaka e noho ana i ka ‘aina) as citizens and denizens in the kingdom, using the Hawaiian word “kanaka” (human being, person) rather than “hoa ‘aina” or “kanaka maoli”, or ‘”oiwi” , which terms specify those native-born Hawaiians who had rights of residency and usufruct as native (maoli) “of the bone” (oiwi) per the aboriginal feudal land tenures which existed “before 1778 A.D.” (USPL 103-150) and “after 1848” (Great Mahele Law and land division under Kamehameha III) when those feudal land tenures were made into fee simple titles to the ali’i (nobles, ali’i mo’i, ali’i ‘aimoku, ali’i ‘ai ahupua’a ) and konohiki (kaukau ali’i, ali’i maka’ainana) groups, and after 1853 (Kuleana Act) also made into fee simple titles to the maka’ainana tenants (~hoa
‘aina) who claimed the lands they were living upon and also farming.

In the 1970s the reparations requested were $50 billion dollars for 25 years at the rate of $2 billion a year. Six hundred million dollars federal money was granted to Hawaiian Homes, and four hundred million was granted for Kaho’olawe, and there are several more hundred millions in OHA’s bank account. That’s more than the reduction of the $50 billion dollars to $100 million dollars reparations proposed by Senator Daniel Akaka after 1977, when it became apparent that the federal government would not pay reparations, leading to the 1978 amendment in the State of Hawai’i constitution creating OHA to receive 20% revenues from the Ceded Lands Trust, twenty-five years ago.

The citizens of the State of Hawai’i have paid the Office of Hawaiian Affairs 20% of the Ceded Lands Trust since then, but OHA wants “recognition” as the “aboriginal Native Hawaiian” nation qualified by “aboriginal communal land tenures” “before 1778 A.D.” (arrival of Captain James Cook) redefined in USPL 103-150 signed into law by ex-President William Clinton.

That is where the fraudulent aspect of “recognition” enters with the ‘Akaka Bill, because it will legitimize and finalize all “feudal” tenures" (reclassified as "communal tenures before 1778 A.D.”] and erase all fee simple titles of the Great Mahele 1848 and the Kuleana Act of 1853 prior to the 1893 overthrow and consequent transfer of revenues (1893) and lands ceded as lands in the “public domain” (1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaii) that came from government lands (Civil List, Ministry of the Interior) and “crown lands” (office of the
sovereign) thus transferred by 1894 constitutional law.

These changes were effective before the 1898 Joint Resolution of the United States Congress annexing the Republic of Hawai’i.


Very sincerely yours,
(signed) Rubellite Kawena Kinney Johnson
Native Hawaiian


**The practice of the State of Hawai’i and the Hawaiian Homes Commission (now called Hawaiian Home Lands) has been to define “home ownership” as claim to the equity in the house alone and not the fee to the land, allowing it to be perpetual leasehold under the State of Hawai’i, which, on the other hand, specifically retards the Bishop Estate, for example, to sell the fee to leasehold owners of lands on which the estate has built residential homes. The Hawaiian Home Lands are not leasehold lands; they are “homestead lands”, and “homestead lands” come under other property laws of the United States.

I believe that the Hawaiians are the only people in the United States whose homesteads are regarded as perpetual leasehold lands of the State of Hawai’i. I protest.

Letters to the Editor
The Honolulu Star Bulletin

Dear Sir:

I am half Hawaiian and deplore keeping Hawaiians bound to programs that foster dependency on Government handouts. I was one of five children growing up on Kauai during the 1930's through the early 50's. We worked hard and helped raise two younger siblings while our parents worked in Honolulu. Funds were extremely limited to meet the barest essentials, so we raised most of our food. We did not receive Government aid or subsidies. We attended public school and earned high school and college money working summers in the cannery. We paid for music lessons and living expenses with after-school jobs and as paid household help. Grants and scholarships from clubs and societies helped defray the cost of tuition. No OHA, State or Federal offices provided aid. In other words, we did not expect anything we did not earn. Why do the Hawaiians of today expect the Government to do for us what we need to do for ourselves? This is a personal commitment and should not depend on whether or not the Government pays. One of the problems in society today is everything is gimme, gimme, gimme! Anything we achieve with little or no effort is rarely appreciated; however, that which we struggle to achieve we value highly.

Sincerely,

Esther Kuinilani Kinney Rice

Dear Issac D. Harp:

November 5, 2003 A.D., my brother Warren's birthday. He was born in 1941, twenty-five days plus another seven days, or about 32 days before December 7, 1941, so if we're using the introduced calendar of seven days a week, then he was four weeks and four days old on the day the Arizona was sent down in Pearl Harbor?

Or, if we use the old Hawaiian calendar of 10 days equals a week and divide 32 days by 10 (one pule decan week), he was a month and two days old by the synodic calendar, but that's not the accurate measure of the sidereal month that the ancient Hawaiians used which would have allowed 27 and 1/3 day to one sidereal month, so depending on what moon was in the sky when Warren was born, and for the moment let's assume that on November 5, 1941, if the moon was where it is now, then by December the 7th, 2003, Warren has lived x number of sidereal years.

I would have to go and check the moon for today, the way my grandmother would have done if she were still alive now, so accurate was her understanding of what to do for the baby now.

But he's a grown man, and yesterday he tried to call me and his other sister to help me with a hundred dollars so that the attorney can process a petition to help him leave Halawa jail. He's been in there since my uncle Lordie died about August 31, 2001, or about a Hawaiian week before September 11, 2001, and my brother Ernest was already dead on April 10, 2001.

See those dates, Isaac Harp. My birthday is about September 6, or about 10 days after my grandmother's birthday on August 28th, when she was born in Puna, Hawai'i in 1880.

So why am I telling you this now? Because, on August 28th, the year 2000 A.D. where was I? I was in Washington D.C. attending a conference of the Global Forum, but it was called a World Summit of Religious Leaders, and I went to that side of the United Nations, and Malia Craver went to the NGO side of the United Nations.

Her prayer speech was published in Honolulu's major newspapers, but not mine. Nor was my speech read before the assembly with Kofi Annan present, as it was supposed to be because I was the delegate from here and duly invited there to do it.

Where is my speech, which was just another honest prayer the world to be at peace, no strident words at all. Where is a copy of it?
Nowhere. I don't have one. I submitted it to qualify, but I didn't have to, really, because I already had the invitation to go. So who does? The committee on which Kusumita Pedersen also sat and sits now, and to her I have forwarded all the letters I have sent in response to matters and letters raised on these subjects that we talk about here.

I was there when Billy Graham's daughter, a delegate to that conference, spoke from the stage in the UN...and she was the only one who mentioned the fact that no invitation was given to the Dalai Lama, that it was a grave omission, when there were other Tibetan leaders present from another Tibetan group, those following Rinpoche.

Why was the Dalai Lama ignored? For the most obvious reason: his position on China's invasion of Tibet and his sanctuary in India, the homeland of Buddha in Lumbini, when? About 600 B.C. or the time of Asoka? (my memory fails me right now as to dates) But I think that that's how old Buddhism was in India before it spread outward and became more widespread throughout China and Japan although it did not displace the older, shall we call them more aboriginal religions?

Funny thing is that between that August 28th and the next August 28th, between 2000 A.D. and 2001 A.D. our family lost two great sons, my uncle Springwater who fought in Manila and the Pacific in World War II, and my brother Ernest Kaipoleimanu in Korea, and a few months ago we also buried my cousin, Uncle Bernard's son with Martha Hart Puni, Kalei, in Veterans' Cemetery, the new one in Kaneohe.

I wonder what any of those dead in our family would say about Stryker brigades and the Pacific Missile Range on Kaua'i, as we are from that islands, Kaua'i.

Benjamin Kanahele is an uncle of my father. He was the one who was taken to Kekaha to go into the hospital after meeting up with a Japanese pilot whose head he bashed in about that time, when my father had just launched the maiden voyage of the Taihei Maru with a caterpillar engine installed...hot off the docks in Kewalo Basin... with the fish captain Asari on board...

And where was my mother and her newborn baby? At home in Lawai, Kaua'i waiting for the fish to come home, and it did, but when it did, the place was in blackout, and the next day Asari and all his alien-born Japanese crew were taken out to so-called "camps", while all their fishing gear came off the Taihei Maru and into our little garage, while my father took the blue boat paint still on the boat and painted all the windows in the back of the house because of blackout regulations, and then?

My mind goes to that gasmask, the one with rabbit ears for the baby that my mother had to leave behind when he was ten weeks old because our business was gone, and both parents had to come down here to Honolulu to make a living, she at Waimano Home for the Feebleminded (it was then called) up Waimano Home Road in Pearl City, and my father on the fireboat in Honolulu under Captain Blaisdell.

Isaac Harp, my mind is too full of memories like that, of the baby crying all day and all night for breast milk to be fed and turning his face away from the bottle...

Day in, day out...until he got used to drinking milk he hated and resigned himself to skinny chest of oldest sister (me) who went to school in the afternoons to evenings because our school became a hospital...and we held class in the gymnasium in Lawai, then the Japanese language school in Lawai, and later the Salvation Army church with barrack building in Kalaheo, and then the Japanese Language School Hall in Kalawai, up by Kuhio Park...

You expect me to swallow OHA's position on the Stryker and the Pacific Missile Range on Kaua'i now?

I'm supposed to listen to them talk? They didn't die, Isaac, on the Arizona, that morning, nor were they on Wake Island that same day, which was December 8th, not the 7th across the International Date Line, and the Japanese put out the radio station there first before the bombs fell on Pearl Harbor, but it was the same day, Isaac.

The same day as it was when Asari and my father were aboard the Taihei Marui off Ni'ihau when they landed that big school of fish that they were bringing in to Port Allen and came in at night when the National Guard opened up and fired on all of them because they heard Japanese language?

But the harbormaster was smarter than most people and had the men stop firing because he heard my father cussing them out in English...

Yeah. Days of our lives, Isaac. Soap opera stuff, but you can't make me into something I'm not...no matter how good the legal arguments are now agains the US "illegal" whatever.

No way. I haven't gone aboard the U.S.S. Missouri, is that it, in Pearl Harbor now? But I will...

I try to hear the Baha'i prophet everytime I get angry...and I suggest that the Hawaiians (even those with Hawaiian in their little toenail percentage aboriginality and genetics from all over the world, by the way) remember it, too...

In the garden of your heart plant flowers.

It's that close to December 7th, 2003...no more than a memorie,
Can't you see? How old is my reason to hate everybody?
My brother Warren Leihoku's age, 62 years + 1 month + 1 day
Before Pearl Harbor Day, December 7th, 1941 that long ago.

And where is he in the country of his forefathers? And who put him in jail without even thinking or knowing that the left side of his head is what remains of a fractured skull suffered at age 14 when he was delivering the Japanese language newspaper in Nu'uanu in 1955?

Who bought the newspaper from him, although she didn't have to read herself was a lady down the road by the name of Elnora S. Cooke, and when she heard my mother and father couldn't pay the mortgage at Country Club Road, she wrote my father a check to pay it off because she loved my younger brother Warren, and she marveled at how he had taken care of his parents before the accident happened.

Guess what? The insurance company paid diddly nothing, and my father paid for the hospital bills. And how long was he in the hospital with a broken head? I hope he remembers. All of us had given him up, but not my mother, and one day he opened his eyes...and he lived again.

Who saved him then? The doctors, the nurses, everybody else? No. To this day when I pray, I thank the god of all that my brother still sees with his left eye, and the longer the jail folks in OCCC keep him in jail, the more resistance I put up against them for what they do him in there, and for what reason they hold him hostage...

While around and in the jail they offer him money for the three acres my uncle left to him in Puna...at $10,000 for the whole thing...and while Hawaiian Homes also put the reservoir in his lot in Kula while they knew, I'm sure, he was where he could do nothing for himself while incarcerated...

And they want to keep him there for another two or three years maximum sentence?

The more they do the less they get of what they want from the government, and the more, in fact, they suffer the consequences of their ill-gotten powers...

Why? Because what they want is power beyond belief...like a sick druggie on all this free money they think they deserve because it was their grandfather's property?

Nonsense. Consider the Bible what it says...who owns the world? Who has power over your life and mine. The people who say that God owns it all are the very ones, using that argument, that want no one to own any of it, right?

And what do they have in their heart is the same thing the poets have always known of inordinate control over others and less regard for the source of their own lives:

Look upon me, ye mighty and despair
And all around, the desert, and the illimitable air.

Ode to Ozymandias...

My best to you, Isaac...who had two sons, Jacob and Esau...
and who ws the son of Abraham and Sarai, a long long time ago.

aloha no,
Kawena.





--- "Isaac D. Harp" wrote:
> Aloha Trustee Stender/Oz,
>
> Although I do not agree with John's language regarding relinquishing
> our claim to sovereignty or relinquishing our claim to our country's
> sovereign lands, at least John has thought about restitution for which
> I give him some credit. Please read John's language in the attachment
> that he included in the e-mail to which you responded. You will find
> under number 2., D., the following language:
>
> "The citizens of the State of Hawaii shall vote by way of referendum
> on the provisions of this resolution. If the measure passes by a
> two-thirds majority, the citizens of the State of Hawaii and the
> Kingdom of Hawaii shall forever and irrevocably relinquish and
> specifically abrogate their inherent rights to reinstatement,
> independence from the USA and sovereignty."
>
> As reparations, John is suggesting $95,000,000,000. What does OHA
> have in mind other than blindly trusting the country who is in
> unlawful occupation of our country? What is OHA suggesting other than
> federal recognition of a governing entity under the plenary authority
> of the federal government that will be manipulated to give away our
> claims to sovereignty and our claims to our sovereign lands?
>
>
> If the United States presidential election can be manipulated to make
> the loser the winner, anything can be manipulated by the occupying
> country!
>
> Federal recognition guarantees nothing but that we will be in a deeper
> hole than we already find ourselves in. The larger majority of
> federally recognized Native Americans are in worse shape than we are,
> so where is the benefit of federal recognition? There is nothing in
> the language of the Akaka-Stevens Bill that protects the Hawaiian
> programs from the racial discrimination lawsuits.
>
> OHA has also dug themselves a mighty deep hole with the propaganda
> campaign and misappropriation of millions of dollars from our trust
> funds. So please tell me what guarantees OHA has secured if federal
> recognition is adopted by the United States? Is there a guarantee
> that the governing entity cannot be manipulated to relinquish our
> claims?
>
> Mahalo, Isaac

# posted by Rubellite @ 12:02 PM

I've tried all my life to try to be a good Christian...and then I saw that I needed to know more than "church", which by the time I was seventeen years old had become "churchianity" to me...

And so, I left my church, turned down the four-year tuition-free all expenses paid at Fort Wayne Bible Institute where I was to major in

classical piano, the biggest love of my life, to enter a college which Reverend Rohrs then told me would be the biggest mistake of my life, the liberal arts college on Manoa campus, University of Hawaii, hoping then to change my major and go into teachers' college to become a public school teacher.

It was not to be because I met three or more professors there who urged me not to transfer and gave me reason to doubt myself.

I gave up security then because I heard them, as each said to me, it's absolutely rare when we get a student like you who can "make a contribution" to, would you believe, the Hawaiian people.

I believed it. Just goes to show you how ego can control your mind into thinking you can "help" people, your "own" people, with what? Your "own" knowledge of them and their language and culture, music, whatever?

So, I bought that store of liberal arts philosophy, and I continued to work and to deprive myself of the deepest love of life: classical music. The piano. And so forth.

I made the personal spiritual sacrifice, and I had already been warned by no less than the aumakua namesake herself when I was age fifteen as she spoke to me over the papahana ritual on my birthday, 15 years of age...

Asking me what it was I wished to become.

Of course I didn't tell her, although she implored me to be honest, and to tell her what was the deepeest desire of my heart...

That unless I knew what that was, throughout my entire life, I would never be happy, or know happiness, unless I knew what that was...

So I lied to her? Of course I did. Why did I do it? Because my mother was there to hear me, and I knew I had to say something that would calm her fears as to what the deepest desire of my heart was at that time...

So I had to say something that was consistent with my obligation, not only to my mother but to my aumakua, the person there speaking to me as the voice of the spiritual ancestor, let's call that the oracle, as at Delphi...the same kind of creature from the nameless beyond in native Hawaiian religion...the kind no anthropologist or ethnologist knows, nor any of the world anthropologists describe except as analytical obsservation of "religious" shamanism...call it whatever they will, I knew it all my life as a young child, living through all of it in whatever shape or form it took in those developing years.

So, what did I say to my spiritual namesake who has come to bless me on my 15th birthday that would not alarm my mother nor my aumakua, nor anyone else in the family in which I had grown up...

I said: "I want to see clearly...without my glasses on."

And from then on, the ritual steps taken are known only by me, as I was the only child there undergoing the ritual...no one else except my mother there...and me...and the person speaking, the identity of which is for my benefit only.

As I'm talking to you.

And so she prophesied, "You will see, and you will see clearly."

When I told this to Kawena Puku'i who understands this ritual as she herself has the same name and from the same source, she said, as she nodded her head, "You will see clearly, but what she meant was see clearly with spiritual insight."

I had always thought she had meant physical sight...but we all know our limitations. Mine is nearsightedness, and now macular degeneration...whatever ails me and ails all humankind, Peter Kay...

To see clearly with spiritual insight?

If I believe that what have I done?

I can't say that. I always have to deny it.

This morning the ants were running over the basin in the bathroom, and as I flicked them into the sink and turned on the faucet to empty them down the drain, I thought to myself that I had killed them, and although I felt it necessary for myself and the household to do that, at the back of my mind what came in as a brief thought was this:

"Here is a tiny creature, Lord, and it has eyes and walks and looks for food to eat, and you know it understands what it knows, and I think it is aware that a higher intelligence is observing it invade its territory, and it has come into a place where it believes it should chance its survival, knowing full well it has chosen to risk its life for the nest elsewhere, and it is only obeying the instincts for its survival. Is the creature any less in your domain than I also am? For this forgive me, what I am about to do...kill it."

Same with dust and pollen which if I breathe in, I react with spasms of asthmatic coughing and effort to breathe in and out...

No less a creature of an environment mixed up with everything fair and foul...

I must disinfect my environment or suffer the consequences of limitation.

Let's just say, Peter Kay, I live for today...and in my soul I try to make peace with everything, everyone, every other soul, too.

What more should a human being try to do?

I smile into the mirror and I find my face falls...and I realize gravity is pulling my smile down...but I must force it up the other way

or have a permanent crease as though my face smiles downward?

a smile, no less.

RKJ

--- Oz Steinder wrote:

---------------------------------
Aloha Kawena: You are right I have never been to Lynn Maunakea' shomeless shelter. I have been to OCC and Koolau-having had familyincarcerated. One good friend now in Federal detension at the airport.OHA's effort in this arena is to fund the NHLC and the Justice Centerso that they can provide free legal services. I agree we only touch thesurface because of limited funds, Hopefully we will get more funds todo more. I do homeless shelter services by serving as a board member onnon-profit boards that provide shelter and services. OHA, by fundingAlu Like, provide job training for young Hawaiians. Through funding ofthe Waianae Comprehensive Health Center and Papa O Lokahi we try toreach those in need of health care. Again it is not nearly enoughbecause of limited funding. My point to Carrol is he goes out of hisway to mention his "15 Hawaiian decendants"-and true I don't knowtheir situation but my guess is that they have not experienced welfareor homelessness-and he is destroying the programs that help Hawaiiansin need of help. Granted OHA needs to do more and we can do more withmore funding-rather than waste funds on legal fees and costs because ofthe likes of John Carrol. Malama pono. Oz

rubellite johnson wrote:

--- Oz Steinder wrote:Dear Oz: This is Kawena
Johnson replying. I'm going on the record, too, theway you're doing
just now.

So what are you doing

By "you", you mean John Carroll? to collectively By
"collectively", you mean John Carroll and you, and who else? solve the
social and economic

dysfunction of our Hawaiian people

By "our" Hawaiian people do you include John Caroll's fifteendescendants, who may be among the dysfunctional? Do we know
that, doyou? other than to destroy programs

designed to help our people'.

Again, you are insinuating that John Carroll's suggestions will"destroy" programs "designed to help our people"? I ask, Oz Stender, what programs are design to "help" our people?The ones existing now? There are quite a lot of them, but to whatextent do they help Hawaiians in prison? I've been inside there looking around, myself, inside and outsideOCCC and Halawa... Interesting kind of treatment they give you. Have you ever visitedanyone in there? I have. My own family members have been in there, have been inside,then outside, or left in there, so god help me against their will... So what was dysfunctional in their lives that put them there? I can tell
you: liquor, for one...lots of it, consumed by the caseload, and for how many generations? Then, cigarettes...lots of them, no matter how many times I told mykids to never start...couldn't stop the trendsetters on every blinkingplace in the city... Where does that lead, you tell me...one course now...is to the nextsmart trend...marijuana smoking...and after that, what next? Uh huh...So who sells the stuff to little kids in the yacht harbor? That's where mine started, no matter how much I tried to stop theinvasion of cigarette-smoking in their lives... Well, the norms of behavior set the trends, they bought on and theykept going until now they cough and spit, so what's next? Cancer of the lungs, cancer of the eyes, cancer of the body... Awwwwwww..... Keep on going, Oz... But what I noticed was at the other end of the scale were thoseemployed to take these young people into custody, to set their courtdates, to judge them on the high rack, to set their terms of endearmentto the rehabilitation experts, oh, and I forgot to mention, TEAMS ofgrantees on Red Feather campaign funds amply funded by the churches ofthe high and mighty you know who and which ones profit from HELPINGeverybody OUT? No, Go INSIDE OUT... I used to watch beautiful haole girls on the street downtown next tothe Blaisdell Hotel when I worked down there for Kekaulike Kawananakoaand no less at her foundation headquarters next door to the college... Oh yes....late at night, the Hawaiian cops down there called topick those sorry human beings up... And what do you suppose those poor dazed sick haole girls were doinglate at night when out of class romping around in the back alleys ofstink Fort St?
Pissing their pants full on into the street...as everybody on thebroadwalk watched them... You think I didn't feel sorry for those
girls, homeless, intelligent,but stripped naked by drugs? What
difference did it make to me if they were Hawaiian or notHawaiian? I
felt sorry all the time...sick with the knowledge that there wasnot one person in that police group or the college or the street peoplethere to speak up, to take those poor creatures and wash them up, helpthem get
cleaned up... Everyday I worked there and went home late at night I
saw Hawaiianfamilies, mothers, fathers, and children trying to sleep on coldconcrete in front of the stores...and they'd be gone by morning?
I never once saw any Hawaiian in the Office of Hawaiian Affairs orin the Hawaiian Home Lands or from Kamehameha Schools or from the churches down there helping the sick and the homeless on a person toperson
basis, never... But, I tell you I did see those folks who run Grace
Bible and theother smaller city churches downtown take them by the hand and feedthem, and so did they at the Episcopalian church...I did...
And what did I do? Everyday I walked down that street and a hungryhomeless person came up to me, I told him or her to go eat something,that there was enough in my wallet to do that, but promise me onething, if they were on drugs...or anything else...do me the favor ofgoing to Confession and beg Mother of God to help them get rid of thebug in their system...and secondly, I'm not giving a penny unless theygo over to the Vietnamese lunch counter and order a decent meal...
Or, if they prefer, they could use the money to catch the bus home.
Fat chance they ever did, but it didn't matter to me. Everytime Iwas broke down there I counted it as my tithing to my grandfather'schurch...but I had children of my own at home who had to go withoutwhenever I did that... Never mind...Oz...I know how much you have given and done for theHawaiian people...but I've never seen you down in that hell hole calledFort St. Mall. You were too busy at the clean end of town between theAdvertiser and Kawaiaha'o Church... Still friends, OZ, still friends...Ruby Kawena Kinney Johnson... November 3,
2003 A.D. Your fifteen Hawaiian decendants are

probably not the ones who are the Hawaiians who are the mostuneducated, the most without healthcare, the most unemployed, the most onwelfare, the most without decent housing or any housing at all, the most in prison, the most in substance abuse and the list goes on and on. Whatyou do and what you say is puzzling to me. Ozhaxjc@attglobal.net
wrote:

This Author, Gay Chung, makes an excellent point. I am attaching a


position paper which is "My way" to address the issues under

discussion.

Kamehameha the Third's 1840 Constitution states unequivocally
(paraphrased) "God hath made all men of one blood, one color, one Nation to live together in peace and HARMONY". The message was
repeated in each subsequent Constitution of the Kingdom. Each of

us

who wish to address these complex issues should keep this caveat in


the forefront of our minds. We cannot afford to ignore the manao

of

the ancient Kupuna. I am not of aboriginal Hawaiian ancestry, but I
have fifteen descendants who are. A pooling of positive approaches
to the complexity of problems, economic, spiritual, effects of

"colonization"

on the "local" indigenous community, the rights of Homesteaders and


those eligible to have homestead lands, medical, educational, societal...All these should be being addressed with workable,
affordable solutions.

John Carroll

<

# posted by Rubellite @ 8:35 AM

Timing the Generations


If the Kumulipo chant of creation is a chant within which some knowledge of the cosmos has been encoded, is there sufficient evidence within the chant to trust it?
Perhaps it is to be found in the number of generations between La’ila’i, as the first woman in the first era, and that of WÅkea in the 824th generation from La’ila’i, presup-posing that the authors may have knownthat 800 generations reckoned by meridian transits of stars would
equal a precession of equinoxes in 21,600 to 25,920 years.
If one sidereal lunation, or star month of twenty-seven and one-third days, based upon the meridian transit of a star to the next meridian transit of the same star, may be used to equal or, rather, to effect a parallel as a “sidereal generation”, then a “sidereal generation” would be roughly equal to twenty-seven and one-third years, using this formula, elicited from analysis of the Kumulipo genealogical recitations (papa helu ).

(a) Let 27 1/3 days be one sidereal month or sidereal lunation:
Then 800 sidereal lunations are equal to 21,600 + 266.3 sidereal days.

(b) Let 27 1/3, or one sidereal month equal a “sidereal generation”.
Then 800 generations are equal to 21,600 + 266.3 years
[The 266.3 factor is the accumulated fraction of 1/3]

(c) Let 354 sidereal days in one year for 800 generations be equal to
21,600 years.

Thus: 800 generations are:
800 x 27 = 21,600
800 x 1/3 = 266.3
21,866.3 days, years, or generations.

A precession of 21,600 years of the equinoxes is probably intended in the 800 “sidereal” generations accumulated from La’ila’i to
Lo’ipukapuka. The 14 more sidereal generations between the time of
Lo’ipukapuka and the Pola’a Kai-a-Kahinali’i tsunami add 378 more years, amounting to 21,978 years by the 814th generation. This number, 378, as sidereal days, equals a synodic cycle of Saturn, equivalent to 14 sidereal lunations.
In the 798th generation (Lo’ikuki’i and Houpo, ‘diaphragm’ or ‘equator’), 21,546 years are 56 synodic cycles of Saturn:
798 x 27 1/3 = 21,546 = 56 Saturn synodic cycles
378 days = 1 Saturn synodic cycle

21,978 = (814 x 27 1/3)
21,600
378 days = 1 Saturn synodic cycle - 14 sidereal months

This may allow proprosing that the first generation of La’ila’i is a starting point for one precession of the equinoxes, accomplished between the first (La’ila’i) and eight hundredth generation (Lo’ipuka-puka).
To gauge this comprehension of the time between WÅkea’s generation and that of Kamehameha the Great, we may count back from Kamehameha’s time to WÅkea.
Shortly before his death in May, 1819, Kamehameha I told visiting Russian Captain Golovnin that he was seventy-nine years old. Since he was born during the Kona season of southwesterly winds between October and April, and if he were truly 79 years old by his own admission in 1819, Kamehameha I would then have been born either late in 1739
(October to December) or early in 1740 (January-April).
At twenty-five years per generation, in ascending degree, from Kamehameha (ca. 1749 A.D.) to WÅkea, each four-set segment below
represents four generations, or one century. The 975 A.D. date supplied
by anthropologists Bruce Masse and David Tuggle for a solar eclipse in the time of Lonohuanewa, a contemporary of Pohukaina in the tenth century, is also a reliable check on generations forward and backward, to and from Kamehameha.

1768 A,D. Date of birth of Kaoleioku, Kamehameha’s first son;
Kamehameha’s age
18 years.
1767 A.D. Date of the birth of Kamehameha’s daughter, Kahili’opua, his
first
child; age of Kamehameha, 17 years.
1758 A.D. Date of Halley’s Comet [the birth star Kokoiki, acc. Maud
Makemson, at
the time of Kamehameha’s birth]


[25-years per generation]:
1740 A.D. Probable date ofKamehameha’s birth according to the age he
gave
to Russian visitor, Golovnin, as 79 years in 1819.


[*Ken Conklin: The numbers below were based on an error I made
(above) that Kamehameha said he was "70" years old in 1818-1819,
and the list below is based on that estimate, then I checked back
in Golovnin and found that Kamehameha had said hwas "79" years old
in 1818-1819; Victor C., Emil W., Joe Ci. and others are applying
different checks to the list, of which the pages below are of the
set sent out. Victor C. is applying the Fibonacci series applied
by Stecchini in his work with Peter Tompkins, and Emil W. is applying
another set from the Kana study in Kumulipo Mind. Peter Kay has the
pdf file which he did and I'm sure that he will make it possible for
you to translate it on your MacOx9 or 10. But what he does is Greek
to me.]



1724-1750 Keoua-a-kupu-a-pa-i-ka-lani-nui, father of Kamehameha I
1699-1700 Ke’eaumoku-nui
1674-1725 Keawe-i-kekahi-ali’i-o-ka-moku

1649-1700 Keakea-lani (w= wahine, female) m. (married)
Kanaloa-kapu-lehu
1624-1675 ‘Iwi-kau-i-kaua
1599-1650 Keakea-lani-kane
1574-1625 Kanaloa-kua’ana

1549-1600 Keawe-nui-a-’Umi
1524-1575 ‘Umi-a-Liloa [son of Liloa]
1499-1550 Liloa [acc.Fornander/Stokes, ca. 1450 A.D.]
1474-1525 Kiha-nui-lulu-moku

1449-1500 Kauhola-nui-mahu
1424-1475 Ka-hou-kapu
1399-1450 Kua-iwa
1374-1425 Ka-lau-nui-o-hua

1349-1400 Kaha’i-moeelea-i-ka’ai-kupou
1324-1375 Kalapana
1299-1350 Kani-pahu [End of the migration period, ca. 1350 A.D.]
1274-1325 Ka-niuhi

1249-1300 Ku-ko-hou
1224-1275 Ole (2)
1199-1250 Koa
1174-1225 Pili [Pa’ao migration]

1149-1200 La’au
1124-1175 Lana-ka-wai [Pa’ao migration]
1099-1150 Hana-la’a-nui Lu-a-hiwa
1074-1125 Palena Nana

1049-1100 Haho Ku-makaha
1024-1075 Paumakua Moeana-i-mua
999- 1050 Hua-nui-kalailai Paumakua
974- 1025 Pau Pau

949=1000 Hua Lono-wahi-lani
924- 975 Pohukaina [Lono-hua-newa, contemporary; 975 A.D. solar
eclipse date].
*975 A.D. solar eclipse in the time of Lono-hua-newa [date acc.
Bruce Masse/David Tuggle, mss. 2000].
899-950 Kamea Newalani
874-925 Luanu’u (2) Auanini

849-900 Laka Uanini
824-875 Wahieloa Ua=mai-ka-lani
799-850 Kaha’i Ua
774-825 Hema Puna



749-800 Aikanaka
724=775 Hulu-manai-lani
699-750 Heleipawa
674-725 Kapawa


649-700 Nanakaoko
624-675 Nanakulei
599-650 Nanamaoa
574-625 Mauiakalana
-560 A.D. probable alignment [date acc. Douglas Fernandez,
alignment of Kukaniloko Heiau, Wahiawa, O’ahu, built by
Nanakaoko]
549-600 Wawena
524-575 Konohiki
499-550 Kuheleimoana
474-525 Waikulani

449-500 Nanailani
424-475 Nanaie
399-450 Ulu + Nanaulu
374-425 Ki’i (2)

349-400 Luanu’u (1)
324-475 Lukahakona
299-450 Kahiko
274-425 Manaku

249-300 Pupue
224-375 Ole (1)
199-350 Kio
174-325 Wailoa

149-200 Nanakehili
124-175 Hinanalo
99-150 Waia
74-125 Haloa

49-100 A.D. WÅkea
24- 50 A.D. Kupulanakehau (w)
0 A.D.-0 B.C.
















Reckoning by Sidereal Generations in the Papa Helu:

[*Note: In the list below a 27 and 1/3 per sidereal generation count
is used (rather than 25 years per generation) based on the sidereal
lunation of 27 and 1/3 days. The list starts from the first
generation of Ki’i, KÅne and La’ila’i until WÅkea in the 824th, by
descending degree. Celestial referents, especially stars, are noted
in bold type. Planetary synodic cycles (except Mercury) are also
provided, but these are period durations only, rather than actual
times of observation, i.e., opposition, conjunction, retrograde, etc.


1 Ki’i and KÅne La’ila’i 27
2 Kamahaina Hali’a 54
3 Loa’a Nakelea 81 + 1
[Loa’a, probably refers to ‘A’a, Sirius. LØ means ‘to prop’, meaning that observation
was probably made when the star was seen briefly on the horizon (east)
before sunrise (heliacal after which it was observed on the western
horizon after sunset. Sirius rises in the evening about December
1st, is visible in the night sky from December to May, when it sets].

4 Le Kanu 108
5 Kalawe Kamau 135
6 Kulou Haliau 162 + 2

7 Nau Kale 189
8 ‘A’a [Sirius] Hehe 216
9 Pulepule Mai 243 + 3

10 Nahu Luke 270
11 Pono Pono’i 297
12 Kalau Maina 324 + 4

13 Kulewa Kune 351
354 = 1 lunar year
375.25 = 1 tropic year
14 Pou Kalai 378 = 1 Saturn synodic cycle (snc)
399 = 1 Jupiter synodic cycle
15 Poulua Kukulukulu 405 + 5
[Pou means ‘pillar’, (usually) a pillar (or zenith) star; but this
pou is apparently the planet Saturn, Makulukulu]

16 Pae Ha’a’a 432
17 Paeheunui Ki’eki’e 459
18 Hewa Kulu 486 + 6

[Pa=’eheu-nui, refers to big wings; in he-wa, wa is time; Kulu, names
the17th moon, and Antares in Scorpius Antares rises in the evening
sky in April,is visible in the night sky from April to October];

[16 sidereal months =432 days, a significant number in the Indic
calendar round, as 16 sidereal months x 365 = 5,840 days, or 10
synodic cycle of Venus in 16 tropic years.

This number (432) was also significant in the Egyptian calendar for
the Sothic cycle, built upon Sothis, or the star Sirius. 16 tropic
years are 4 Sothic cycles, and 10 Venus synodic cycles, built upon
4 tropic years as one Sothic cycle = 1,460 days; 32 tropic years x
120 = 5840, or 10 Venus synodic cycles. One synodic cycle of Venus is
584 days, including its disappearing phase. The numbers 32 and 120
are ritual numbers in ancient Hawaiian temple ceremonies and
calendar].
19 Maku Niau 513
20 Waia Kunewa 540
21 Piha Pihapiha 567 + 7

22 Mu Kuku 594
23 Nawai Hele 621
24 Wawa Hanehane 648 + 8

25 Kuai A’anai 675
26 Lu’u Lu’ule’a 702
708 days = 2 lunar years
27 Mai Maia 729 + 9
730 days = 2 tropic years

28 Maia Paua 756 days = 2 Saturn snc.
780 days = 1 Mars snc.
29 Lana Kilo 783 798 days = 2 Jupiter snc.
30 Lanalana Paepae 810 + 10

31 Pulu Lepe’a 837
[Le=pe’a, Pe’a, Southern Cross, pole star, on meridian in June]
32 Puluka Lelepe 864
33 Pulukene Lelekau 891 + 11

34 Pulumakau Lelemau 918
35 Pulukea Umala 945
36 Nekue Mahili 972 + 12

37 Nakai Napo’o 999
38 Kuleha Maka 1026
39 ‘Ike ‘Ao’ao 1053 + 13
1062 = 3 lunar years
40 Mala Hui 1080
1095.75 = 3 tropic yr.
[13th month intercalation = Metonic cycle 1]
41 Malama Puiki 1107
[Malama is ‘month’, probably referring to the 13th month
intercalation] 42 Eho Pulama 1134 + 14
[1134 days = 3 Saturn snc

43 Ehoaka Pulanaia 1161
1168 = 2 Venus snc.
44 Ehoku Malaia 1188
1197 = 3 Jupiter snc
45 Keoma Haho’oili 1215 + 15

46 Kinohi Muala 1242
47 Ponia Luka 1269
48 Meua Mamau 1296 + 16

49 Meu’alua Maukele 1323
50 Ho’olana Ho’ohuli 1350
51 Ho’omeha Memeha 1377 + 17

52 Pula Kua 1404
1416 = 4 lunar years
53 Kuamu Kuawa 1431
54 Ko’u Ko’uko’u 1458 + 18
1460 = 4 tropic years - 1 Sothic cycle
55 Meia Pekau 1485
56 Kawala Mahuli 1512 = 4 Saturn snc
57 Huli ‘Imi 1539 + 19
1560 = 2 Mars snc

58 Loa’a ‘Oli’oli 1566
[58 sidereal months return to Loa’a, Sirius; Sirius sets in May, heliacal rise in
June; Sirius invisible July to November; Le’a is Arcturus, evening rise in April]

59 Huhu Le’awale 1593
1596 = 4 Jupiter snc
60 Makuma Manoa 1620 + 20

61 Manomano Lauahi 1647
62 Kini Mau 1674
63 Leha Maua 1701 + 21

64 Pua ‘Ena 1728
1752 = 3 Venus snc
65 Pua’ena ‘Ena’ena 1755
1770 = 5 lunar years
66 Wela Ahi 1782 + 22

67 Maiko Kulewa 1809
1829.5 = 5 tropic years
[13th month intercalation - Metonic 2]

68 Maikokahi Kuakahi 1836
[-kahi means ‘one’, i.e., restaring the count (?)]
69 Maikolua Pahila 1863 + 23
[-lua means ‘two’]

70 Hilahila Ho’ohila 1890 = 5 Saturn snc
71 Kelau Lukau 1917
72 Paio Haluku 1944 + 24

73 Paia Kalaku 1971
1995 = 5 Jupiter snc.
74 Keala Keala’ula 1998
75 Piao Nai’a 2025 + 25

76 Niau Kekumu 2052
77 Launie Huluhe 2079
78 Mono Pa’a 2106 + 26
2124 = 6 lunar years

79 Hekau Kaili 2133
80 Ho’opa’a Ha 2160
2190 = 6 tropic years
81 Kalama Kapala 2198 + 27

82 Helu Namu 2214
83 Paila Opuopu 2241
84 Halale Malu 2268 + 1
2268 = 6 Saturn snc

85 Maile Kalino 2295
86 Ma’oki Hulahe 2322
2336 = 4 Venus snc
2340 = 3 Mars snc
87 Kaiwi Iwia 2349 + 2
2349 [87 sidereal months= 80 synodic months]

88 Kulea Kulia 2376
89 Makou Koulu 2403
2438 = 5 Jupiter snc
90 Iau Mahea 2430 + 3

91 Iaka Meia 2457
2478 = 7 lunar years
92 Makili Lulu 2484
93 Heamo Lou 2511 + 4

[-Amo, is the Amonga (Tongan), or Orion’s Belt on the equator, as
three stars, Al Mintaka, the first star to rise in that asterism,
followed by Alnilam in the middle, then Al Nitak, the lowest star
in the asterism to the south. These stars straddle the equator, and
during precession move their positions north and south, so that the
northernmost, Al Mintaka, is sometimes on the equator when the Belt is
to the south, or the southernmost, Al Nitak, is on the equator when
the Belt is to the north. At this time, Al Mintaka is on the
equator, Alnilam and Al Nitak to the south]

[Orion’s Belt rises in the evening ahead of Sirius in December, its
bright star Betelgeuse to the north, and its bright star Rigel to
the south in the foot of the giant. It is visible in the night sky
for the same period as Sirius, from Dec ember to May, while in the pole
to the south is Canopus. Orion’s Belt sets in May].

94 Heamokau Makea 2538
2555 = 7 tropic years
95 Pu’ili Apomai 2565
96 Pu’ili’ili Li’ili’i 2592 + 5
[2592 x 10 = 25,920 = precession of equinoxes]

97 Pu’iliaku Heleihea 2619
98 Mokukapewa Na’alo 2646 = 7 Saturn snc
99 Mokukai’a Naele 2673 + 6
[ Mokukapewa means the breaking of the tail of the “fish” or i’a,
Mokukai’a,which is the Milky Way when it breaks away from the spiral
NE to SW, NW to SE, slides around the horizon, then off the horizon]


100 Piala Heleua 2700
101 Kiamo Komo 2727
2732 = 8 lunar years
102 Koikua Keaho 2754 + 7

103 Ko’iele Kauhi 2781
104 Pa’ele Peleiomo 2808
105 Keomo Omo’omo 2835 + 8

106 Hulimakani Nanailuna 2863
107 Nanaikala Haipule 2889
108 Kalawela Kalahuiwale 2916 + 9
2920 = 2 Sothic cycles
2925 = 8 tropic years
2925 - 5 Venus snc
[13th month intercalation = Metonic 3]

109 Kealakau Hoku 2943
110 Kamau Meu 2970
111 ‘Opala Wene 2997 + 10
[Wene, a name for the Southern Cross; Southern Cross is in the pole April to July]

112 Hali Halima 3024 = 8 Saturn snc
113 Haliluna Halilalo 3051
114 Halimau Halelo 3078 + 11

115 Halipau Muakau 3105
3120 = 4 Mars snc
116 Nunua Nene’e 3132
117 Nananaka Lele’io 3159 + 12

118 Oamio Ololi 3186 = 9 lunar years
3192 = 8 Jupiter snc
119 Omiomio Wiwini 3213
120 Aila Kukala 3240 + 13

121 Ailamua Heia 3267
3287.25 = 9 tropic years
122 Ailakau Hele 3294
123 Ailapau Kaiwi 3321 + 14

124 Manu Hele’upa 3348

[Manu is the constellation in Polynesia of the “Bird with Broken Wing,” made by
Procyon, Rigel (in Orion), Sirius, and Canopus; Manu is also the constellation of
Aquila, first magnitude star Altair. The “Bird with Broken Wing” Manu is in the
sky January to May; Altair in Aquila appears in the east in July to November,
forming a triangle with Deneb (Cygnus) and Vega (Lyra).

125 Lilio Makini 3375
126 Leheluhe ‘Aina 3402 + 15
[3402 = 9 Saturn snc]

127 Kelemau Hinapu 3429
128 Kaumau Puoho 3456
129 Kaukahi Ma’ele 3483 + 16
3504 = 6 Venus snc

130 Mauka Kai 3510
131 Ohi Laulau 3537
354- = 10 lunar years
132 Ikamu Namu 3564 + 17

133 Kalu Moena 3591 = 9 Jupiter snc
134 Kalukalu Hilipo 3618
135 Lipo Na’o 3645 + 18
3650 = 10 tropic years

136 Lipowao Naele 3672
137 Pili ‘Aiku 3699
138 Pilimau Maumaua 3726 + 19

[‘Aiku, or Kaomaaiku is Aldebaran in the Hyades (Tautus); northern
hemisphere above the equator, Aldebaran rises in December before
Rigel (foot of Orion), southern hemisphere, and before Sirius.
Aldebaran is visible at night from December to April].

139 Kahale Mua 3753
140 Kahale’ai Nu’u 3780 = 10 Saturn snc
141 Lawai’a Ka’io 3807 + 20

142 Mauaka Lehu 3834
143 Wana Kala 3861
144 Wanawana Wanakau 3888 + 21
3904 = 11 lunar years

145 Wanakaulani Melu 3915
146 Wanamelu Hulili 3942
147 Kaulua Kaohi 3969 + 22
3990 = 10 Jupiter snc

[Kaulua is a month named for Hana-kaulua, Gemini; Gemini (Castor and
Pollux) rise in the evening, December; set in June; visibility
period of Gemini matches that of Sirius].

148 Wala’au Eiaau 3996
4017.75 = 11 tropic years
[13th month intercalation = Metonic 4]

149 Hanehane Hahane 4023
150 Hawane Kuamu 4050 + 23


151 Heleau Ma’aku 4077
152 Hulimea ‘Aiko 4104
153 Hulimua Newa 4131 + 24

154 ‘Ewa ‘Ewa’ewa 4158 = 11 Saturn snc
155 Omali Malimali 4185
156 Huelo Kaka’i 4212 + 25

157 Niolo Eiaku 4239
4249 = 12 lunar years
158 Pilimai Kona 4266
159 Keanu Peleau 4293 + 26

160 Ka’io Pueo 4320
161 Haluaka Kaolo 4347
162 Kapuhi Mula 4374 + 27
4380 = 3 Sothic cycles
4380 = 12 tropic years
4389 = 11 Jupiter snc

163 Ehio Emio 4401
164 Kakai Alaka’i 4428
165 Amo Ko’iko’i 4455 + 1
166 Amoaku Ko’iko’i 4482
167 Helemai Heleaku 4509
168 Onaho Keanali’i 4536 + 2
4537 = 12 Saturn snc
169 Piliko’a Ukuli’i 4563
170 Mahinahina Halepo’i 4590
4602 = 13 lunar years
171 Po’opo’o Nawai 4617 + 3

172 Omana Manamana 4644
173 Omana’io Huluheu 4671
4672 = 8 Venus snc
4680 = 6 Mars snc
174 Mana’ina’i Malana’i 4698 + 4

175 Huluemau Ka’alo 4725
4840.5 = 13 tropic years
[13th month intercalation = Metonic 5]

176 Kaluli Pau 4752
177 Nakino Kinohi 4779 + 5
4788 = 12 Jupiter snc

178 Nakinolua ‘Ewalu 4806
179 Ukiki Eau 4833
180 Uli Uliuli 4860 + 6

[Uli, Uliuli refer to equatorial stars on the northern side of the equator;
the sun’s course between the tropic limits puts it about the equator in
about 180 to 185 days, approximately half its tropic annuit of 365.25 days]

[Mele, Melemele refer to equatorial stars on the southern side of the equator;
Melemele is another name for the star Sirius]

181 Mele Melemele 4887
182 Lanai Po’i 4914 = 12 Saturn snc
183 Ha’o Au 4941 + 7
4956 = 14 lunar years

184 Pakaikai Puehu 4968
185 Moana Hilo 4995
186 Hulu Makali 5022 + 8

187 He Ho’eue 5049
188 Makilo Moi 5076
189 Naua ‘Upa 5103 + 9
5113.5 = 14 tropic years

190 Ua Hama 5130
191 Pele’u Hamahuna 5157
192 Mahina Hina 5184 + 10
5187 = 13 Jupiter snc

193 Mahinale Ulukua 5211
194 Mahinalea Palemo 5238 = [Kaiakahinali’i 1]
5256 = 9 Venus snc

[The first Kai-a-Kahinali’i tsunami; Kahinali’i is the star Capella in Auriga.
Capella rises in the evening in December and its visibility period at night is
similar to Sirius]

195 Pipika Kuhinu 5265 + 11

196 Mahele Pu’unaue 5292 = 14 Saturn snc
5310 = 15 lunar years
197 Kaohi Kaohiohi 5319
198 Kona Konakona 5346 + 12

199 Iho Pelu 5373
200 Kula’a Mailu 5400
201 Kuamau’u Holehole 5427 + 13

202 Pahili Halulu 5454
5475 = 15 tropic years
203 Keia Luluka 5481
204 Maki’oi Meihiolo 5508 + 14

205 Helehele Pineha 5535
206 ‘Aukai Milo 5562
5586 = 14 Jupiter snc
207 Moekau Helemau 5589 + 15

208 Huluau Pulama 5616
209 Melemele Milokua 5643
5664 = 16 lunar years 210 Kumuniu Pilia 5670 + 16
5670 = 15 Saturn snc

211 Amoi Akua 5697
212 Kunewa Hulema 5724
213 Pahilo Pili’aiku 5751 + 17

214 Napo’i Ka’ale 5778
215 Kulana Nawa 5805
216 Kakau Po’ipo’i 5832 + 18
5840 = 16 tropic years
[13th month intercalation = Metonic 6]
5840 = 10 Venus snc

217 Holeha Hulupehu 5859
218 Pa’ani Malana’opi 5886
219 Lewa Kukelemio 5913 + 19

220 Pihaulu Ho’iha 5940
221 Kelewa’a Kinohili 5967
5985 = 15 Jupiter snc
222 Kakio Hiliha 5994 + 20
6018 = 17 lunar years

223 Hulipena Miko 6021
224 Mokiweo Pakala 6048
225 Kapalama Kepo’oha 6075 + 21


226 Kapalamalama Kepo’olimaha 6102
227 Wikani Kamakolu 6129
228 Kapehi Kaluku’u 6156 + 22

229 Hiwa Kahiwahiwa 6183
6209.25 = 17 tropic years
230 Pano Kekaliholiho 6210
231 Opelau Maha 6237 + 23
6250 = 8 Mars snc

232 Mahilu Kaene 6264
233 Ho’olewa Waiau 6291
234 Kumau Kahaka 6318 + 24

235 Papalele Kukala 6345
236 Haole Kuwahine 6372 = 18 lunar years
6384 = 16 Jupiter snc
237 Makua Kaluakekane 6399 + 25
6424 = 11 Venus snc

238 Leho Holomau 6426 = 16 Saturn snc
239 Opikana Nahenahe 6453
240 Helemaka Liko 6480 + 26

241 Kukuhale Hinaulu 6507
242 Pohakukau Hinamai 6534
243 Helua Kalani 6561 + 27
6574.5 = 18 tropic years

244 Komokomo Malie 6588
245 Po’ele’ele Ho’olua 6615
246 Nuku’ele’ele Papakele 6642 + 1

247 Mama Papakapa 6669
248 Hamama Malele 6696
249 Kuemi Kulua 6723 + 2
6726 = 19 lunar years

250 Opiliwale Kapoulena 6750
251 Ahulimai Mahinu’ele 6777
6783 = 17 Jupiter snc
252 Maikomo Pelemau 6804 + 3
6804 = 18 Saturn snc

253 Hununu Kamanu 6831
254 Ho’olohe Nawaikaua 6858
255 Kumaua Kulukaua 6885 + 4

256 Ko’iko’i Hau 6912
257 Mau’awa Kolokolo 6939 = 19 tropic years
[13th month intercalation = Metonic 7
[257 sidereal lunations = 6939 days = 19 tropic years;
235 synodic lunations are 235x29.530589=6939.6884 days;
236 synodic lunations are 6931 + 2 = 6933 days]



258 Kelelua ‘A’a 258 6966 + 5
[A’a is the star Sirius]
259 Mukana Mahi’opu 6993
7008 = 20 lunar years
260 Mahili Wili 7020 = 12 Vemis snc
7020 = 9 Mars snc
261 Kukona Naka 7047 + 6

262 Kanawai Hapele 7074
263 Lohilohi Hapeleau 7101
264 Apikili Nohilo 7128 + 7

265 Ho’omaku Nohalau 7155
266 ‘Olepe Makau 7182 = 19 Jupiter snc
267 Kala Heleana 7209 + 8

268 Hulipau Hulimakeau 7236
269 Makohi Hulimakele 7263
270 ‘Oopuola Nahalau 7290 + 9
7300 = 20 tropic years
7300 = 5 Sothic cycles

271 Niuhuli Nakuli’i 7317
272 Ohao Nakumau 7344
273 Nu’u Helemai 7371 + 10

274 Lena Palemo 7398
[Lena, Sirius; proximity to Nu’u ‘zenith’ (273) may imply meridian transit]

275 Ahiahi Opihi 7425
7435 = 21 lunar years
276 Ahiahihia Ounauna 7452 + 11

277 Ahiakane Wanaku 7479
278 Ahiakapoloa Kikala 7506
279 Ahiakapokau Hapu’u 7533 + 12

280 Ahiakulumau Makani 7560 = 20 Saturn snc
7581 = 19 Jupiter snc
281 Ahiakamake Kilau 7587
7592 = 13 Venus snc
282 Ahiaka’olu Honika 7614 + 13
7640 = 21 tropic years

283 Pohinakau Hilahea 7641
284 Moulikaina Ho’omaka 7668
285 Ho’oku Nanana 7695 + 14

286 Manaweulani Laukunu 7722
287 Ho’omailu Puluea 7749
288 Mailu Lehuane 7776 + 15
7788 = 22 lunar years
7800 = 10 Mars snc

289 Polehua Keahu 7803
290 Pu’ulele Noelo 7830
291 Hamohulu Noe’ula 7857 + 16
292 I’amama Noenoe 7884
293 Kuinewa Pilimau’u 7911
294 Holopulau Hinakona 7938 + 17
7938 = 21 Saturn snc
295 Makanewanewa Helepuau 7965
7980 = 20 Jupiter snc 296 Melia Melemele 7992
[Melemele, another name for Sirius; or equatorial stars]
297 Humuhumu Palamau 8019 + 18
8031 = 22 tropic years
[Humuhumu, ‘triggerfish’ is the Southern Cross, rising in the evening in April,
is the pole star in the southern hemisphere from April to September].

298 Ukianu Nenue 8046
299 Ukinala Ilimaka 8073
300 Ukikamau Keohoko 8100 + 19
301 Ukilelewa Laumeki 8127
8142 = 23 lunar years
302 Ukinahina Nilea 8154
8176 = 14 Venus snc
303 Ho’opulu ‘Olo’olohu 8181 + 20
304 Nahiole Kealapi’i 8208
305 Mukiki Makino 8235
306 Kiola Iaia 8262 + 21

307 Mulemulea Helelu 8289
308 Kukawa Maika’iwa 8316 = 22 Saturns snc
309 Kamio Molemole 8343 + 22
310 Ho’omu Unauna 8370
8379 = 21 Jupiter snc
8395 = 23 tropic years

311 Hailau Pamakani 8397
312 Ho’omauke’a Muli 8424 + 23
313 Pulune Kahe 8451
314 Kuaua Wailuhi 8478
8496 = 24 lunar years

315 Moeiho ‘Imihia 8505 + 24
316 Manu’ala Kawele 8532
317 Kolealea Kauwewe 8559
318 Hilohilo Hokelona 8586 + 25

319 Maluipo Hoki’i 8613
320 ‘Awaia Milo 8640
321 Ho’ohinu Ohouma 8667 + 26
322 Eapu Uluoha 8694 = 23 Saturn snc
323 Ialo Makalewa 8721
324 Heiau Pi’ioha 8748 + 27
8760 = 24 tropic years 8760 = 15 Venus snc



325 Heiaumana Ho’ohiwa 8775
8778 = 22 Jupiter snc
326 Pulemo Maluolua 8802
327 Kaukeoa Hi’ileiia 8829 + 1
8850 = 25 lunar years

328 Helemua Kuainea 8856
329 Kalele Wamakona 8883
330 Paepae Limaauki 8910 + 2

331 Keoa Puameli 8937
332 Kapouhina Kuamaulu 8964
333 Kapouhinaha Hokua’ala 8991 + 3

334 Ho’opi’opi’o Pi’onu’u 9018
335 Ho’opi’oaka Pi’oanuenue 9045
336 Ho’olahalaha Pulau 9072 + 4
9072`= 24 Saturn snc
337 Ho’omahilu Makua 9099
9125 = 25 tropic years
338 Nanewa Peleuwao 9126
339 Nanawa’a Oma 9153 + 5
9176 = 23 Jupiter snc

340 Ho’okilo Pilikamau 9180
9204 = 26 lunar years
341 Kumeheu Leleawa 9207
342 Leleiluna Mainahu 9234 + 6

343 Halekumu Kimonaue 9261
344 Halepaio Holio 9288
345 Halemoeanu Ke’oke’o 9315 + 7

346 Haleluakini Mali’i 9342
9344 = 16 Venus snc
9360 = 12 Mars snc
347 Halekuamu Noio 9369
348 Ha’iola Lauhala 9396 + 8
349 Kalelemauliaka Miloha 9423
350 Ko’iniho Naku 9450 = 25 Saturn snc
351 Po’oku Paleamakau 9477 + 9
9490 = 26 tropic years 352 Hale’imiloea Hilohilo 9504
353 Pani’oni’o Liho 9450
354 Kealakike’e Maiau 9558 + 10= 324 synodic lunations
9576 = 24 Jupiter snc
[At this point, when 354 sidereal lunations/generations (or sidereal
lunations) equal 324 synodic lunations (29.5 days/years per
generation), the recitations undergo an
internal numerical reordering or calculation allowing for 357-358 generations to equal
zero]

355 Oiaku Kaniho 9585
356 Huini Naihu 9612
357 Pa = 0 Aiano 9639 + 11
358 Pana = 0 Koliau 9666
359 Panakahi = 1 Alia’oe 9693
360 Pa’ikekalua = 2 Piliwale 9720 + 12
361 Pu’ukolukolu = 3 Heleiamai 9747
362 Napu’ueha = 4 Ho’okonokono 9774
363 Palimakahana = 5 Helemaia 9801 + 13
364 Waiakea = 6 Hepahuno 9828
9853 = 27 tropic years
365 Kaeamauli = 7 Eleiku 9855
9828 = 26 Saturn snc
366 Koko’iele = 8 Maumau 9882 + 14
367 Kaholokaiwa = 9 Heoioi 9909
9912 = 28 lunar years
368 Kalelenohinalea = 10 Aluaku 9936
369 Panaakahiahinalea = 11 Helule 9953 + 15
9975 = 25 Jupiter snc
370 Panaikaluakahinalea = 12 Painaina 9990
371 Pu’ukoluakukahinalea= 13 Noakawalu 10017
372 Napuukahakahinalea = 14 Piliamoa 10044 + 16
373 Palimawaleahinalea = 15 Manu 10071
374 Akahiakaea’akilolo = 16 Lelekeamo 10098
375 Paluaakaea’akilolo = 17 Kelekeleao 10125 + 17
10140 = 13 Mars snc
376 Puukolukaea’akilolo = 18 ‘Umikaua 10152
377 Puuhakaha’akilolo = 19 Mailo 10179
378 Puulimakaeaaakilolo = 20 Nihohoe 10206 + 18
10206 = 27 Saturn snc
10219 = 28 tropic years
379 Akahike’ewe = 21 Paliiuka 10233
380 Paluake’ewe = 22 Paliikai 10260
10266 = 29 lunar years
381 Paukolu = 23 Maka’imo’imo 10287 + 19
382 Puuhake’ewe = 24 Lauohokena 10314
383 Pulimake’ewe = 25 Piu 10341
10374 = 26 Jupiter snc
384 Waiakaeaka’ewe = 26 Nahinahi 10638 + 20
385 Kamauliakaewe = 27 Kameha’i 10395
386 Ko’ieleakaewe = 28 Ulupo 10422
387 Kuaiwaakaewe = 29 Newaiku 10449 + 21
388 Henahuno = 30 Puhemo 10476
389 Panakahikenahu = 31 Lahilahi 10503
10512 = 18 Venus snc
390 Panaluakenahu = 32 Kaukeahu 10530 + 22
391 Panakolukenahu = 33 ‘Ulalena 10577
392 Panahakenahu = 34 Eiawale 10584 = 28 Saturn snc
10585 = 29 tropic years
393 Lewelimakenahu = 35 Konukonu 10611 + 23
10620 = 30 lunar years
394 Paakaeaakenahu = 36 Uli 10638
395 Omaulikenahu = 37 Na’ina’i 10665
396 Ko’ielekenahu = 38 Pilomoku 10692 + 24
397 Kuaiwakelekenahu = 39 Nahae 10719
398 Hekaunano = 40 Welawela 10746
399 Papio Lo’ilo’i 10773 + 25 = 27 Jupiter snc
399 [[Kai-a-Kahinali’i (2) = 399 sidereal generations // 399 sidereal
days = 1 Jupiter snc
10788 = 84 Mercury snc
400 Manu’akele Kelao 10800 = 1/2 precession of equinoxes
(21,600 years) [In the foregoing recitations, the attempt appears to
be coordination of the lunar (354) and tropic (365.25) years with
synodic cycles of Saturn (378), Jupiter , and probably Venus
(584) and Mercury (116 x 3 = 348 synodic cycles of Mercury in one
year,), perhaps to coordinate lunar (354) and tropic (365) years
with Saturn (378) and Jupiter (399) synodic cycles in 27 to 30 lunar
years and 29 tropic.

Another explanation for the interval, is that the sun’s course from
south to north, or vice versa, and back again, appears to be a
factor, as division of the hemispheres about genera- tions 180-181
between Uliuli and Melemele, equatorial stars, would place the sun at
the equator in the ecliptic circuit. This implies that start of the
generation count was probably at a solstitial point, north or south,
or at perihelion/aphelion and back again.

From 354 generations (or sidereal days in ayear), the sun’s course
would be marked as progressing back to its solstitial stop in the
tropic zone, restarting from that original point, completing its
tropical annuit (365.35 + .75 = 366 days), then adding a thirteenth
month, or in its genealogical parallel, another generation to 399/400
generations/years].

[continuing]:



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Dear folks:

I was very confident observing the exchange between Burgess, Rosen, and Rees on today's 5'oclock 'Olelo show, that in a very short presentation the sense of Arakaki II was a discussion based on reason.

In the meantime there was a message by email from GChung and JCarroll about keeping an eye on the prize, to resist chest thumping, on the other side, as it were.

Positive suggestions on "renewable energy" are very old issues reminding me of the case of geothermal energy and Campbell Estate on the Big Island, biomass technology from waste at Waimanalo, and Peter Happi's proposal for an electric plant in Kawaihae,to mention some of the cases rumbling about over the last two to three decades.

Wind power, solar power, geothermal energy, the electric car, have always been in the news. Conservation of energy...so forth.

Well, I lived on a boat and raised a family of four children on no more than 38-foot overall, the Scandinavian double-ender Soncy, an Ingrid ketch...then, later, a 42-foot fiberglass yawl that used to belong to Chris Hemmeter's father, the Yo-hO-Ho, which we purchased and renamed the Havaiki in 1968-69 before we bought the Kawamee, a center-board motor-sailer which we converted to a sailing fisherman by eliminating the stern cabin and making it into a fishhold (with ice).

So how did we raise four children over a period of twenty years on these boats with limited, contained spaces, within and without...and going far from any kind of power supply like HECO on shore, etc.

We had a well-organized well-contained self-saving energy system aboardship on land and sea, a remarkable combination of AC/DC electrical power which ran on batteries at sea and in port could hook up to shore power, but only in the Ala Wai --never available in southern locations...except in Rarotonga (?) and New Zealand (Auckland).

And on these routes through and between high islands and atolls from east to west Polynesia we came across people who had no electricity on shore and where copra boats very seldom came in...

How did we manage when we had accidents aboard ship or saw our children suffer through epidemics overseas, no hospitals, no doctors? We took our losses in stride, but both the captain and his wife had been raised on farms in their respective homelands, Missouri, etc. and Kaua'i.

I found that in those conditions where you are left with almost no protection of any kind and the only reserve energy you have left is your own exhausted physical strength, that it follows that survival must depend on using the force that comes against you when nature's energy is excessive, lightning, thunder, hurricane winds, or nothing at all but calm useless dead calm.

Came the hard lesson to learn and which I never ever did face staying on shore in comparable safety, that when the wind blows against you it's blowing favorably for the other guy, that you wish him well for if you were in his position going in the opposite direction you would want that wind to be blowing exactly where it is, but you cannot choose it if you want to make landfall elsewhere, in the direction in which he is not going. To take advantage of his situation, you have to turn back, and when you do you have admitted defeat of your original intention.

In life I found this lesson helpful to me, to accept adversity in nature's resources of energy beyond your power to absorb it, and to use
the wind against you by trimming your own sails. It cured me of
the narrow point of view that for success in any personal endeavor the wind has to always blow my way and take me where I want to go, never mind the other guy coming the other way.

I always enjoyed the days the wind was, in fact, blowing our way, and that's how I feel now, that the wind is shifting in a more positive direction for us all who have labored with all our strength for reason's sake, and that the reward, ultimately, is, surely, landfall.

Luv,
RkawenaJ






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